DApp là gì? Cách hoạt động, Ưu và nhược điểm của dApp

Source: DApp là gì? Cách hoạt động, Ưu và nhược điểm của dApp

With growing interest in the possibilities of blockchain technology beyond cryptocurrencies, decentralized networks like Ethereum are working harder than ever to create applications that match the spirit of the blockchain. The original god of cryptocurrency has made technology a household term.

These decentralized applications, known as dApps, are becoming increasingly powerful and attractive to users amid the controversial digital landscape of privacy, security, and ownership. possess.

While you may have only heard of dApps, they’ve been around for a while, providing users with unique benefits (with a few downsides). But what exactly is dApp? What are their unique benefits and how exactly do they work?

What is DApp?

A dApp is an open source application whose backend is powered by a decentralized, peer-to-peer network. In this article, we will focus on decentralized applications built on the Ethereum blockchain and how that platform uses technology known as smart contracts to provide a host of unique features for use cases.

How dApps work

Smart contract

The dApps on the Ethereum Blockchain are created using technology called smart contracts. These are programs that operate similarly to real-world contracts but differ in some key respects. The most important of these differences is the fact that smart contracts are purely code and do not require a third party to arbitrate the contract. Once included, they are also fully automatic and completely immutable.

This is because, at their core, smart contracts are just if/then statements that are executed as soon as the pre-set conditions are fulfilled. For example, if you rent out your apartment to someone, you can set the terms of your agreement into a smart contract that will automatically execute – like making sure the tenant has access to the apartment if they paid the rent – ​​and didn’t leave. room for you, not for the tenant, to misbehave (as long as the terms are set smartly, of course) and protect both parties from each other. This completely distrusts the equation.

Open source

Decentralized applications are also completely open source, which means you don’t have to take a slick sales copy or a third-party guarantee of how they really work; everything the app does is laid out in code for everyone and everyone to see.

It also means that anyone can edit it and make adjustments to it, or use it as a code base for their own creation. Using the landlord-tenant example above, this would be like an open source AirBnB that anyone could test or improve.

Only Backend (internal management) is different, Frontend part – User interface is the same

One of the key distinctions is a subtle one: to the end user, a decentralized application can look like any other traditional, centralized application they are familiar with. This is because it is only part Auxiliary where the application’s data is stored, is different.

The user interface can be coded in a common language like JavaScript and then plugged directly into the blockchain using the blockchain’s programming language (in the case of Ethereum, this would be Solidity. provides the unique benefits that come with blockchain technology (privacy, security, transparency) in a variety of use cases: games, financial applications, utilities, and e-commerce can all be used. benefit from decentralization and actually have.

Pros and cons of dApp

Increased security

Because a decentralized application stores all of its data on the blockchain, once it has been validated by the network, the data is immutable and safe. Even the creator of the dApp himself cannot shuffle any data once it has been added to the blockchain.

This includes financial transactions performed by smart contracts as well as user data or anything else. The way many blockchains neutralize network attacks via Proof of Work or Proof of Stake protocols, the dApp’s data is protected by the same high-level cryptography.

Hierarchy

Due to their reliance on smart contracts, dApps do not require a governing organization to guarantee their functionality or act as custodians of sensitive data. This also means that your data is never stored on a centralized server that can serve as an attack vector.

Because of the way a decentralized network works, data is distributed across a multitude of individual “nodes” or client computers that contribute computing power to the network. This way, even if a node is hacked and compromised, the network remains completely secure as the network configuration and all data are secured on the blockchain across all devices instead of a single location. . This also means that a company cannot sell or mishandle your data – because smart contracts, not human administrators, are in control of your data.

Permanent Availability

A decentralized network is also more error-proof than a centralized server because a single cataclysmic event can bring a network the size of Bitcoin or Ethereum completely offline at once.

As long as even a single node in the network is active, the decentralized network powers a dApp – performance will degrade immensely, of course, but the network will continue exist . This means that in the context of applications like games or other applications, there is no downtime for server maintenance or update rollout.

Difficult to expand

One of the prominent disadvantages of decentralized networks is that they are difficult to scale for application use. While centralized servers under the supervision of a single authority can be easily scaled to specific use cases.

As the workload is predicted to increase, the computing power of the decentralized network not only fluctuates with the number and power of nodes contributing to it, but it cannot easily be meaningfully added. by an entity. This can make it difficult for developers to predict network capabilities and prepare accordingly.

Frequent users are not friendly

As dApps become more popular with cryptocurrencies, so does the frequency with which mainstream users are faced with the unique security responsibilities that come with a decentralized network. Just like with cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum or Cardano, blockchain is secured; you do not. Securing your currency and tokens requires a careful understanding of the constituent systems that many general users are still unfamiliar with. This makes it impossible for many people to comfortably rely on dApps for day-to-day use.

At least for now.

Have more questions about the dApp? Feel free to shoot them at us below! We all have ears.

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